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Chemical Ecology: Dangerous Beauty

 

Many marine organisms, like the colorful sea slugs, turn to chemistry in the struggle for survival. Sponges, soft corals and seaweeds live fixed to the ocean bottom, and can neither fight nor flee to avoid being eaten. Such seemingly vulnerable creatures instead produce an arsenal of toxins, rendering themselves distasteful or downright poisonous to most would-be predators. However, sea slugs are specialized to feed on the chemically defended organisms that other consumers avoid. Not only are slugs immune to the noxious effects of toxins in their food, they actually concentrate dietary poisons in their own tissues, hijacking the chemical defense of their prey for their own protection. While snails cower inside cumbersome shells, evolution has freed the slugs to cruise the seafloor in safety, sporting spectacular warning colors to signal their dangerous contents.