Anthropology 463
Forensic Anthropology
Winter 2003

Skulls on Scales of Justice

Image Credit: American Academy of Forensic Sciences

Anthropology in the News

Contents

Introduction

Syllabi

Office Hours

Textbooks

Recommended Texts

NIS Account

Grading

Make-up policy

Attendance 

Useful Links

Schedule and Readings

Get Acrobat Reader

Exam 1 from 1998

Exam 2 from 1998, in class portion

Exam 2 from 1998, takehome portion

Optional final from 1998

Forensic Case from 1999

Exam 1 1999

Exam 2 1999, in class portion

Exam 2 1999 takehome portion

Final Exam 1999

 

Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Miller 
E-Mail Address: emiller@calstatela.edu 
Office: KH C4035 
Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday 3-5pm, or by appointment, except the fourth Thursday of each month, when office hours change to 4-5pm due to committee meetings.
Phone: 343-2442

Department of Anthropology
 

Introduction

This course is designed to teach the basic analysis and interpretation of human remains for the medico-legal profession. Taking this course does NOT make you a forensic anthropologist! This course is designed to introduce you to the profession! The course will cover the field of forensic anthropology, techniques for recovering skeletonized human remains, how a biological profile for an individual is developed from skeletal remains, how time since death is determined, how skeletal trauma and disease are evaluated, and the reliability of these assessments. The course will also include discussion of special techniques, such as DNA analysis, facial reconstruction and photo superimposition, and how these methods contribute to forensic anthropology. Additionally, the course will also include basic information on the investigation of crime scenes, the legal role of the forensic anthropologist, and the importance of report preparation. Case studies will be used. The practical aspects of forensic anthropology will be emphasized, however, the course will also include information on the incorporation of anthropological approaches to death and human remains. Questions and comments during lecture are encouraged.

For a very brief and introductory handout (unfortunately without pictures, but those are available in your textbook), click here

If you are interested in the Forensic Anthropology Track at Cal State LA, this link will take you to the web site.

Syllabi 

You are responsible for having a copy of the syllabus. If you lose your syllabus, you can get another copy. Do not try to get along without a syllabus!

Office Hours

My office hours are given above. Feel free to come by the office just to chat, as well as to ask questions, resolve problems, etc. You can e-mail me with questions or comments, or to let me know that you will be absent. My e-mail address is: emiller@calstatela.edu. Put "Student" in the subject field, and I will try to respond within 24 hours.

Textbooks

Introduction to Forensic Anthropology:A Textbook by Stephen Byers (2002)

Recommended Texts

  • Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation by Douglas H. Ubelaker, Taraxacum Press, 1989.
  • Forensic Anthropology Training Manual by Karen Ramey Burns. Although this is a recommended text, not required, I highly recommend that you purchase this book. 1999.
  • Practical Homicide Investigation by EA Dieckmann, 1961 
  • Forensic Anthropology by MY El Najjar, 1978 
  • Resonstruction of Life from the Skeleton by MY Iscan and KAR Kennedy, 1989 
  • Human Identification by TA Rathbun and JE Buikstra, 1984 
  • Forensic Osteology by K Reichs, 1997 
  • Essentials of Forensic Anthropology by TD Stewart, 1979 

NIS Account 

You must have an NIS account for this course. A web page will be set up at http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/emiller/anth463 for your use. This web page will contain exam questions, useful forensic links, and other useful/necessary information for the course. Check it regularly, as it will be updated during the quarter. If you do not have an NIS account, please sign up for one during the first week of classes. You will need the account by the second class meeting. See me if you need information on how to set up an NIS account. 

Grading

1. There will be two exams. Each of these is worth 33% of your grade. The first exam will be given during the sixth week of class, the second exam during finals week. The exams will include multiple-choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, short answer, and identification questions.
2.
There will also be a paper on some aspect of forensic anthropology. You must clear the topic with Dr. Miller during the third week of class. An abstract for the paper, indicating you have formulated your hypothesis and made significant progress in your research, will be due February 5, the fifth week of class. The paper is worth 34% of your grade. You will be graded not only on content but on grammar, spelling, references cited and format. A detailed description of the paper will be handed out seperately.

You may substitute a skeletal analysis project for the research paper if you so desire. The project will involve the forensic analysis of human skeletal remains. You will be responsible for producing a report similar to those produced by forensic anthropologists for law enforcement agencies. You must indicate your choice to do the skeletal analysis by the third week of class.

Make-up policy

If you miss an exam for any reason you must contact me within two days to schedule a make-up time. If you are unable to take the missed exam before it is handed back to the class, you must take the comprehensive final as your make-up exam.

Attendance

Attendance is expected and required. You are responsible for all material presented during lecture. If you miss a class, make arrangements with a classmate who takes good notes to copy their notes. When taking notes, write down as much as you can. Examples used in class to illustrate particular concepts will reappear on exams, therefore it is very important that you attend lecture and take notes. 

The Americans with Disabilities Act mandates reasonable accommodation for those students with demonstrated disabilities. Please contact me or the Office for Students with Disabilities (343-3142) if you need accommodation. 

   

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Schedule
Note: This schedule is tentative and subject to change.   
Week Topics Reading

(Jan. 7)

Introduction to course, discussion of syllabus
Introduction to Forensic Anthropology
History of Forensic Anthropology
Introduction to Human Osteology
Chapters 1-2

(Jan. 14)

Human Osteology (continued)
Establishing the forensic context

Chapters 2-3

(Jan. 21)

Recovery Scene Methods
Estimating Postmortem Interval

Paper Topic Due

Chapters 4-5

(Jan. 28)

Initial Treatment and Examination
Age, Sex, Ancestry and Stature combined
Attribution of Ancestry

Chapters 6-7

(Feb.4)

Attribution of Sex
Estimation of Age at Death

Calculation of Stature

Abstract Due

Chapters 8-10

(Feb. 11)

EXAM 1

No readings.

(Feb. 18)

Video to be announced. Dr. Miller will be gone this week

No readings. This would be an excellent time to work on your paper!

(Feb. 25)

Death, Trauma, and the Skeleton
Projectile Trauma
Blunt Trauma
Sharp and Miscellaneous Trama
Chapters 11-14

(March 4)

Antemortem Skeletal Conditions
Postmortem Changes to Bone

Chapters 15-16
10 

(Mar. 11)

Additional Aspects of Individualization
Identification Using Antemortem Radiographs
Chapters 1-19
Finals 

(Mar. 18)

EXAM 2

Time is changed from regular class time to 7:30-10:00pm

 

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Some Suggested Readings (by Topic)   

Topic Reading
Introduction Sauer, NJ and Simson, LR (1984) Clarifying the role of forensic anthropologists in death investigations. Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(4):1081-1086.

Reichs, KJ (1992) Forensic anthropology in the 1990s. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 13(2):146-153.

Burns, KR (1995) Forensic anthropology: the application of skeletal biology to human identification. ASTM Standardization News 23(4):28-33.

Galloway A, Birkby WH, Kahana T, and Fulginiti L (1990) Physical anthropology and the law: legal responsibilities of forensic anthropologists. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 33:39-57.

Berryman HG, Bass WM, Symes SA and Smith O'BC (1991) Recognition of cemetery remains in the forensic setting. Journal of Forensic Sciences 36(1):230-237.

Bigbee PD (1987) Collecting and handling evidence infected with human disease-causing organisms. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July, pp 1-5.

Age Determination Klepinger LL, Katz D, Micozzi MS and Carroll L (1992) Evaluation of cast methods for estimating age from the os pubis. Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(3):763-770.
Archaeology, Ancestry Morse D, Crusoe D and Smith HG (1976) Forensic Archaeology. Journal of Forensic Sciences.

es. Sledzik PS and Ousley S (1991) Analysis of six Vietnamese trophy skulls. Journal al of Forensic Sciences 36(2):520-530.

Kennedy KAR (1995) But professor, why teach race identification if races don't exist? Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(5):797-800.

Sauer NJ (1992) Forensic anthropology and the concept of race: if races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them? Social Science and Medicine 34(2):107-111.

Brace CL (1995) Region does not mean "Race" -- reality versus convention in forensic anthropology. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(2):171-175.

Time since Death Mann RW, Bass WM and Meadows, L (1990) Time since death and decomposition of the human body: variables and observations in case and experimental field studies. Journal of Forensic Sciences 35(1):103-111.

Haglund WD (1993) Disappearance of soft tissue and the disarticulation of human remains from aqueous environments. Journal of Forensic Sciences 38(4):806-815.

Anderson GS (1997) The use of insects to determine time of decapitation: a case study from British Columbia. Journal of Forensic Sciences 42(5):947-950.

Haskell NH and Williams RE (1990) Collection of entomological evidence at the death scene. Enthmology and Death: A Procedureal Guide. Clemson:Joyce's Print Shop, Inc., pp. 82-97.

Haglund, WD, Reay DT and Swindler DR (1988) Tooth mark artifacts and survival of bones in animal scavenged human skeletons. Journal of Forensic Sciences 33(4):985-997.

Trauma Rathbun TA and Rathbun BC (1984) Human remains recovered from a shark's stomach in South Carolina. Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(1):269-276.

Dixon DS (1984) Pattern of intersecting fractures and direction of fire. Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(2):651-654.

Bradtmiller B and Buikstra JE (1984) Effects of burning on human bone microstructure: a preliminary study. Journal of Forensic Sciences 29(2):535-540.

Ubelaker DH and Adams BJ (1995) Differentiation of perimortem and postmortem trauma using taphonomic indicators. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):509-512.

Maples WR (1986) Trauma analysis by the forensic anthropologist. In K Reichs (ed.): Forensic Osteology: Advances in the Identification of Human Remains. Springfield:CC Thomas, pp. 218-228.

Special Techniques and Identification Haglund WD, Reay DT and Tepper SL (1990) Identification of decomposed human remains by Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) profiling. Journal of Forensic Sciences 35(3):724-729.

Ubelaker DH and O'Donnell G (1992) Computer-assisted facial reproduction. Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(1):155-162.

Tyrrell AJ, Evison MP, Chamberlain AT, and Green MA (1997) Forensic three-dimensional facial reconstruction: historical review and contemporary developments. Journal of Forensic Sciences 42(4):653-661.

Ubelaker DH, Bubniak E, and O'Donnell G (1992) Computer-assisted photographic superimposition. Journal of Forensic Sciences 37(3):750-762.

Owsley DW, Mann RW, Chapman RE, Moore E and Cox WA (1993) Positive identification in a case of intentional extreme fragmentation. Journal of Forensic Sciences 38(4):985-996.

Owsley DW (1993) Identification of the fragmentary, burned remains of two U.S. journalists seven years after their disappearance in Guatemala. Journal of Forensic Sciences 38(6):1372-1382.

Owsley DW, Ubelaker DH, Houck MM, Sandness KL, Grant WE, Craig EA, Woltanski TJ and Peerwani N (1995) The role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and analysis of Branch Davidian Compound victims: techniques of analysis. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):341-348.

Ubelaker DH, Owsley DW, Houck MM, Craig E, Grant W, Woltanski T, Fram R, Sandness K and Peerwani N (1995) The role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and analysis of Branch Davidian Compound victims: recovery procedures and characteristics of the victims. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):335-340.

Dix JD, Stout SD and Mosley J (1991) Bones, blood, pellets, glass, and no body. Journal of Forensic Sciences 36(3):949-952.

Stout SD and Ross LM (1991) Bone fragments a body can make. Journal of Forensic Sciences 36(3):953-957.

Expert Testimony Bohan TL and Heels EJ (1995) The case against Daubert: the new scientific evidence "standard" and the standards of the several states. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(6):1030-1044.

Pointer, D (1987) Case Preparation. The Expert Witness Handbook: Tips and Techniques for the Litigation Consultant. Santa Barbara:Para Publishing, pp. 51-60.

Sundick RI (1984) Ashes to ashes, dust to dust or where did the skeleton go? In TA Rathbun and JE Buikstra (eds.): Human Identification: Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology. Springfield:CC Thomas, ppp. 412-423.

Various sample case reports

Human Rights Boles TC, Snow CC and Stover E (1995) Forensic DNA testing on skeletal remains from mass graves: a pilot project in Guatemala. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40(3):349-355.

Americas Watch and Physicians for Human Rights (1991) Digging up the past: the graves at San Antonio Sinache. In Guatemala: Getting Away with Murder, pp. 65-76.

Geberth V The news media in homicide investigations. Practical Homicide Investigations: Tactics, Procedures and Forensic Techniques, 2nd edition. New York:Elsevier, pp. 399-416.

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