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Built-in Arithmetic Functions
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Usage
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Value returned
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ABS(number)
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Absolute value (ignores sign)
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ATN(number)
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Angle (in radians) whose tangent is equal to number -
to convert to degrees, multiply by 57.2958
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CINT(real number)
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Rounded integer
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CDBL(number)
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Double precision
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CLNG(number)
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Long integer
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COS(number)
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Cosine of angle specified by number. Number is expressed in radians
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CSNG(number)
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Single precision
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EXP(number)
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e to the power specified by number (i.e., the antilog
of the number)
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FIX(real number)
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Truncated integer.
For negative number, first negative integer greater than number
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INT(real number)
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Truncated integer.
For negative number, first negative number less than number
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LOG(positive number)
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Natural logarithm - uses base e. To convert to base 10 logarithm, divide by LOG(10)
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first MOD second
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Remainder after dividing first number by second
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RND
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Random number between 0 and 1
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SGN(number)
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Sign of number: +1 if positive, -1 if negative, 0 if
zero
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SIN(number)
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Sine of angle specified by number. Number is expressed in radians
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SQR(non-negative number)
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Positive square root
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TAN(number)
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Tangent of angle specified by number.
Number is expressed in radians
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Built-in String Functions
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Usage
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Value returned
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ASC(X$)
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ASC code for first character of X$
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CHR$(n)
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Character whose ASC code is n
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DATE
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Current date as mm-dd-yyyy
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INSTR(X1$, X2$)
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Character position of match if X1$ contains X2$, 0 if no
match
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LCASE(X$)
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Lower-case version of the letters in X$
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LEFT$(X$, n)
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Leftmost n
characters of X$
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LEN(X$)
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Number of characters in X$
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LTRIM$(X$)
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Removes leading blanks from X$
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MID$(X$, n1, n2)
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n2 characters
in X$, beginning with n1
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NAME F1$ AS F2$
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Changes file name from F1$ to F2$
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RIGHT$(X$, n)
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Rightmost n
characters of X$
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RTRIM$(X$)
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Removes trailing blanks from X$
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SPACE$(n)
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Creates a variable containing n spaces
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STR(X)
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Alphabetic representation of the value of X, with leading
blank
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STRING$(n, X$)
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Alphabetic variable containing n instances of first character of X$
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STRING$(n1, n2)
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Alphabetic variable containing n1 instances of character whose ASC code is n2
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TAB(n)
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In PRINT or LPRINT, moves position to column n
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TIME
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Current time as hh:mm:ss
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UCASE$(X$)
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Upper-case representation of the letters in X$
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VAL(X$)
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Numeric value of X$
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