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Daniel Frankl, Ph.D., CSU Los Angeles Lecture notes for Chapter 9 Weight Management Basics |
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55% of American adults are overweight
22% of American adults are obese One of the most serious and widespread challenges to health and wellness in the United States |
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Health Risks of Obesity
Major risk factor for heart disease Increased risk of CVD, hypertension, gallbladder disease, diabetes Associated with certain types of cancer Complications in pregnancy Respiratory problems Joint disease |
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Increased Risk of High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
First pregnancy in women under age 17 or over age 35. A family history of high blood pressure. Pregnancy with twins or triplets. Poor diets during pregnancy. Overweight or obese. Smokers. Other health problems, such as blood vessel conditions, kidney disease, diabetes, etc. |
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Factors Influencing Obesity
Genetic genes influence body size and shape, body fat distribution, and metabolic rate Environmental lifestyle choices |
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Metabolism and energy balance
energy in (as food) versus energy out (resting metabolism, energy to digest food, physical activity) Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) RMR accounts for 55-75% of daily energy expenditure Affected by heredity and environment
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Other Explanations for Overweight
Weight cycling Restrained eating leading to overeating (binge eating) Psychological, social, cultural factors Changing Your Energy Balance For weight loss, a negative calorie balance must be created by expending more calories than are consumed Increasing physical activity increases calories expended Changing diet can decrease calories consumed |
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Dietary Guidelines for Weight Management
Control consumption of calories, fat, sugar, protein Monitor portion sizes Increase intake of complex carbohydrates Develop regular eating habits |
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Lifestyle Factors
Diet and eating habits Physical activity and exercise Regular physical activity Thoughts and emotions Positive self-image Coping strategies Dealing with the stresses and challenges of life |
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Strategies for Weight Management
Doing it alone Diet books Diet aids Commercial programs Prescription drugs Surgery Psychotherapy |
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Body Image
Picture of the body as seen through the minds eye Negative body image can cause significant psychological distress Eating disorders characterized by dissatisfaction with body image and body weight anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; binge-eating disorder |
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Anorexia Nervosa
In January 1983 thirty-two-year-old singer Karen Carpenter died as a result of complications from anorexia nervosa. Her death made the eating disorder well known to the American public. |
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Bulimia Nervosa
Purging Type: Individual regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weight. Nonpurging Type: Individual uses compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but is not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weight. |
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Bulimia Facts Five million Americans suffer from eating disorders. Twenty-eight percent of bulimia cases are first diagnosed during dental examinations. Fifteen percent of young women have substantially disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Two to three percent of adolescent women develop bulimia. |
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Binge-Eating Disorder Individuals with serious binge eating problems often feel their eating is out of control eat what most people would think is an unusually large amount of food eat much more quickly than usual during binge episodes eat until so full they are uncomfortable eat large amounts of food, even when they are not really hungry eat alone because they are embarrassed about the amount of food they eat feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating |
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Guidelines for Healthy Weight Management
Assess motivation and commitment Set reasonable goals Assess current energy balance Increase level of physical activity Make changes in diet and eating habits Put plan into action |
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Summary and conclusions
Questions and comments Next Topic Chapter 10: "Stress: Controlling the genie" |
| Copyright© 2002, Daniel Frankl, Ph.D. |
questions and/or comments; thank you!
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| Page updated: Feb. 03, 2002 |